Dermatomycosis is a skin disease caused by a fungus. It also affects the hair, pores and nails. This disease has different types. It depends on the type of fungus that causes it. The affected area and the appearance of the affected area also matter. This is also for people with a problem of immunodeficiency due to HIV or TB.

This skin disease spreads in many ways. It involves touching or touching things that are infected with this disease, like clothes or soil. Also, depending on the area of ​​the body affected, the fungus can spread through sex, for example balanitis and vulvo-vaginatis. It is good to remember that fungus prefers moisture. Moderate temperature also helps them thrive. This preference makes tropical areas have many patients with skin diseases caused by fungus.

Types of Dermatomycosis

• Tinea unguium is the term used for ringworm that affects the nails.
• Tinea capitis refers to the fungal infection commonly known as ringworm affecting the scalp.
• Tinea pedis, often referred to as athlete’s foot, is the fungal infection localized to the feet.
• Tinea corporis denotes the ringworm infection that occurs on the body.
• Lastly, tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis, is characterized by a fungal condition that alters skin pigmentation.

Clinical Features of Different Dermatomycosis

• Tinea Corporis, or ringworm of the body, is characterized by the presence of flat, ring-shaped lesions that spread over time. These lesions typically show a reddish hue. They are vesicular or pustular formations. Variations can be either dry and scaly or moist and crusted. Often, the central part of the lesion clears, resulting in an appearance of normal skin.
• Tinea Capitis, commonly referred to as ringworm of the scalp, starts as a small papule. It gradually expands to cover a larger region. The hair follicles in the affected area become fragile, leading to easy breakage of the hair. This condition predominantly affects children under the age of ten and often resolves itself after the onset of puberty.
• Tinea Pedis, also known as athlete’s foot or ringworm of the foot, occurs with scaling and cracking of the skin. This happens particularly in the interdigital spaces between the fourth and fifth toes. This condition is commonly linked to discomfort and can lead to further complications if left untreated.
• Tinea Versicolor, also known as pityriasis, signifies a superficial fungal infection. It shows as irregular, round, and lighter-colored patches on the skin. These patches are particularly noticeable on the sides of the face, neck, and chest. This condition is often asymptomatic but can lead to cosmetic concerns for those affected.
• Tinea Unguium, or ringworm of the nails, is identified by the thickening, discoloration, and brittleness of the nails. In this condition, there is a buildup of caseous material beneath the nail. The material can become chalky in texture. It eventually disintegrates, leading to further nail damage.

Dermatomycosis Prevention, Control and Treatment

The treatment of various tinea infections involves a combination of topical and systemic antifungal agents. Griseofulvin is the primary choice for Tinea Capitis. Topical treatments are effective for Tinea Corporis and Tinea Cruris. For more severe or resistant cases, systemic therapies are recommended. These include Terbinafine and Itraconazole for different types of tinea infections. Follow a medical advice from a medical doctor.

The key takeaway is that early diagnosis and treatment of infections are essential. Improved personal hygiene practices are important. Regular bathing helps prevent the spread of infections. Thorough drying of the skin is also crucial.